Panch Ko Jhagraa

In the Sri Guru Granth Sahib (SGGS), the word ‘Panch’ (ਪੰਚ) is used for (1) five Bikaar (i.e. lust, anger, greed, attachment and pride – ਪੰਜ ਕਾਮਾਦਿਕ and their numerous variations); (2) chief, leader etc. – ਪਰਧਾਨ, ਚੌਧਰੀ, ਮੁਖੀ, ਆਗੂ, ਮੰਨੇ ਪ੍ਰਮੰਨੇ; (3) five basic elements (‘ਪੰਚ ਤਤੁ’) – air, fire, water, earth, and ether; (4) five senses (‘ਪੰਚ ਸਖੀ’) – five senses-organs of knowledge or perception and five sense-organs of action.

ਕਹਤ ਕਬੀਰ ਪੰਚ ਕੋ ਝਗਰਾ ਝਗਰਤ ਜਨਮੁ ਗਵਾਇਆ ॥ ਝੂਠੀ ਮਾਇਆ ਸਭੁ ਜਗੁ ਬਾਧਿਆ ਮੈ ਰਾਮ ਰਮਤ ਸੁਖੁ ਪਾਇਆ ॥੩॥੩॥੨੫॥ : Kabeer, the denial of the creator is on account of my vices or Bikaar (i.e. lust, anger, greed, attachment and pride); my human birth (i.e. spirituality) is being lost in such defiance. ‘Mithiya‘ (ਮਿਥਿਆ) Maya has bound the whole world, but I have obtained Peace (ਆਤਮਕ ਆਨੰਦ by contemplating the divine Naam. ||3||3||25|| (sggs 482).
ਪੰਚ ਦੂਤ ਮੁਹਹਿ ਸੰਸਾਰਾ ॥ ਮਨਮੁਖ ਅੰਧੇ ਸੁਧਿ ਨ ਸਾਰਾ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਹੋਵੈ ਸੁ ਅਪਣਾ ਘਰੁ ਰਾਖੈ ਪੰਚ ਦੂਤ ਸਬਦਿ ਪਚਾਵਣਿਆ ॥੨॥ : The ‘FIVE’ Doot (Kaam, Krodh, Lobh , Moh, Ahankaar) are robbing the world (of spiritual life). But a mentally blinded Manmukh (who has no Realization of the Shabad) has no intelligence nor is he aware (of this robbery). One who becomes ENLIGHTENED – Gurmukh Mindset – protects his Home (Inner Home – mind…); He destroys the FIVE DOOT with the MESSAGE of the Shabad. ||2|| (sggs 113).
ਹਰਿ ਆਪੇ ਪੰਚ ਤਤੁ ਬਿਸਥਾਰਾ ਵਿਚਿ ਧਾਤੂ ਪੰਚ ਆਪਿ ਪਾਵੈ ॥ ਜਨ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਤਿਗੁਰੁ ਮੇਲੇ ਆਪੇ ਹਰਿ ਆਪੇ ਝਗਰੁ ਚੁਕਾਵੈ ॥੨॥੩॥ : The Creator created the expanse from the basic five elements (air, fire, water, earth, and ether) and infuses the five senses into it. O Nanak, Saturu (True Wisdom) causes one to realize God, (as a result one’s) all conflicts get resolved (sggs 720).
ਪੰਚ ਪਰਵਾਣ ਪੰਚ ਪਰਧਾਨੁ ॥ ਪੰਚੇ ਪਾਵਹਿ ਦਰਗਹਿ ਮਾਨੁ ॥ ਪੰਚੇ ਸੋਹਹਿ ਦਰਿ ਰਾਜਾਨੁ ॥ ਪੰਚਾ ਕਾ ਗੁਰੁ ਏਕੁ ਧਿਆਨੁ ॥ ਜੇ ਕੋ ਕਹੈ ਕਰੈ ਵੀਚਾਰੁ ॥ ਕਰਤੇ ਕੈ ਕਰਣੈ ਨਾਹੀ ਸੁਮਾਰੁ ॥ : (The spiritual State of BECOMING results) my Five (senses) become Accepted by my Conscience as a Leader to lead my spiritual Journey. My Five (senses) stand dignified in the court of my Conscience. My five (senses) now stand elegant in the pathway of Realizing my Creator (Within). My five (senses) have the One Creator as the Essence of their Focus. Should one undertake to narrate the discourse (that have the One Creator as the Essence of their Focus). The spiritual accomplishment of the Conscience (that is in command of the five senses that have the One Creator as the Essence of their Focus) is beyond computation. (sggs 3).
ਕਾਮੁ ਕ੍ਰੋਧੁ ਕਾਇਆ ਕਉ ਗਾਲੈ ॥ ਜਿਉ ਕੰਚਨ ਸੋਹਾਗਾ ਢਾਲੈ ॥ : Lust (desires) and anger makes the human body weak as borax melts the gold. (sggs 932).

Jhagraa (ਝਗਰਾ) = defiance, denial, quarrel, dispute, conflict, squabble, controversy, tussle, wrangling, scrimmage etc.

ਨਾਨਕ ਫਿਕੈ ਬੋਲਿਐ ਤਨੁ ਮਨੁ ਫਿਕਾ ਹੋਇ ॥ ਫਿਕੋ ਫਿਕਾ ਸਦੀਐ ਫਿਕੇ ਫਿਕੀ ਸੋਇ ॥ : Nanak, by speaking unpleasant words, one becomes rude. That person is called rude by all and such becomes his/her reputation. (sggs 473).

All quarrels – internal or external conflicts – in this world are instigated by the negative impact or influence of the ‘Panch‘ (‘five) vices/Bikaar (i.e. lust, anger, greed, attachment and pride – ਪੰਜ ਕਾਮਾਦਿਕ and their numerous variations). The negative impact of these ‘five’ vices/Bikaar corrupt human minds, defile human senses, corrupt leaders, corrupt Pujaaree (clergy), and so on.

ਸਗਲ ਸ੍ਰਿਸਟਿ ਕੇ ਪੰਚ ਸਿਕਦਾਰ ॥ : The five demons (lust, anger, greed etc.) are the rulers of the whole world. (sggs 865).
ਇਨ ਪੰਚਨ ਮੇਰੋ ਮਨੁ ਜੁ ਬਿਗਾਰਿਓ ॥ : The ‘five’ (Bikaar i.e. lust, anger, greed, attachment and pride) have corrupted my mind. (sggs 710).
ਕਾਮੁ ਕ੍ਰੋਧੁ ਲੋਭੁ ਮੋਹੁ ਨਿਤ ਝਗਰਤੇ ਝਗਰਾਇਆ ॥ : Lust, anger, greed and emotional attachment bring continual conflict and strife (sggs 984).
ਇੰਦ੍ਰੀ ਜਿਤ ਪੰਚ ਦੋਖ ਤੇ ਰਹਤ ॥ ਨਾਨਕ ਕੋਟਿ ਮਧੇ ਕੋ ਐਸਾ ਅਪਰਸ ॥੧॥ : One who conquers his sense and become free ‘five’ ( Bikaar (i.e. lust, anger, greed, attachment and pride), Nanak, among millions, there is scarcely such person who is above worldly temptations. (sggs 274).
ਝਝਾ ਉਰਝਿ ਸੁਰਝਿ ਨਹੀ ਜਾਨਾ ॥ ਰਹਿਓ ਝਝਕਿ ਨਾਹੀ ਪਰਵਾਨਾ ॥ ਕਤ ਝਖਿ ਝਖਿ ਅਉਰਨ ਸਮਝਾਵਾ ॥ ਝਗਰੁ ਕੀਏ ਝਗਰਉ ਹੀ ਪਾਵਾ ॥੧੫॥ : A person who only knows how to entangle in useless conversations but has not yet learnt to get out of these entanglements, waste all his life in doubt and controversies. Such a person cannot realize the Creator. It is of no good to indulge in arguments to convince others. Instigating arguments we involve ourselves in more conflicts. (sggs 341).
ਇਹੁ ਮਨੁ ਪੰਚ ਤਤ ਕੋ ਜੀਉ ॥ : (By identifying with) the gross body made of the five-elements, this mind becomes like the body (i.e. wanders in body-consciousness gratifying senses etc.). (sggs 342).

False ego-sense (Haumai) has defects such as lust, anger, greed, attachment, and pride (and their countless variations). For chieftainship, headman-ship (ਚੌਧਰਪਣਾਂ…) etc., these vices/Bikaar instigate all the quarrels in this world. In other words, man’s false ego-sense is the root-thought of all other thoughts that instigate all conflicts. If not checked, in its inflated condition, false ego-sense thus displays all the negativity.

ਮੁਸਨਹਾਰ ਪੰਚ ਬਟਵਾਰੇ ॥ : The five (thieves or Bikaar: lust-desires, anger, greed, etc.) are the plunderers and the highway robbers (ਡਾਕੂ). (sggs 182).
ਮਨਮੁਖ ਮੂਲਹੁ ਭੁਲਾਇਅਨੁ ਵਿਚਿ ਲਬੁ ਲੋਭੁ ਅਹੰਕਾਰੁ ॥ ਝਗੜਾ ਕਰਦਿਆ ਅਨਦਿਨੁ ਗੁਦਰੈ ਸਬਦਿ ਨ ਕਰੈ ਵੀਚਾਰੁ ॥ : Manmukh (unenlightened persons) have forgotten their Mool (Source, Jot Saroop) because they are engrossed in greed and false ego-sense (Haumai). Their each day passes in arguments and they do not reflect on the Shabad (sggs 549).
ਅੰਧਾ ਝਗੜਾ ਅੰਧੀ ਸਥੈ ॥੧॥ : Spiritually blind carry on arguing (or doing deeds) in spiritual blindness. ॥1॥ (sggs 1241).
ਮੰਦਾ ਕਿਸੈ ਨ ਆਖਿ ਝਗੜਾ ਪਾਵਣਾ ॥ ਨਹ ਪਾਇ ਝਗੜਾ ਸੁਆਮਿ ਸੇਤੀ ਆਪਿ ਆਪੁ ਵਞਾਵਣਾ ॥ : One should not create a dispute by calling a person bad ( for it’s as quarreling with God). One should not quarrel with God, in this way one just ruins oneself. (sggs 566).
ਝਖਿ ਝਖਿ ਝਖਣਾ ਝਗੜਾ ਝਾਖ ॥ ਝਖਿ ਝਖਿ ਜਾਹਿ ਝਖਹਿ ਤਿਨ੍ਹ੍ਹ ਪਾਸਿ ॥੧॥ : Quarreling with others (for vices or Bikaar) is useless bickering. For these (vices of Bikaar) people keep fighting among themselves and wrangling with others. ॥1॥ (sggs 1243).
ਪੂਰੇ ਗੁਰ ਕਾ ਹੁਕਮੁ ਨ ਮੰਨੈ ਓਹੁ ਮਨਮੁਖੁ ਅਗਿਆਨੁ ਮੁਠਾ ਬਿਖੁ ਮਾਇਆ ॥ ਓਸੁ ਅੰਦਰਿ ਕੂੜੁ ਕੂੜੋ ਕਰਿ ਬੁਝੈ ਅਣਹੋਦੇ ਝਗੜੇ ਦਯਿ ਓਸ ਦੈ ਗਲਿ ਪਾਇਆ ॥ : The human being who does not obey the Upadesh (Gur-Giyan, Wisdom etc.) of the perfect Satguru, that ignorant Manmukh is deceived by the Maya-poison. Within him is falsehood, and he sees everyone else as false; according to Hukam (System-Rule-Law of Nature…), useless conflicts around his neck get tied. (sggs 303).

Hence man’s own thoughts, words, and actions guided by his/her false ego-sense (Haumai) become the root cause of his/her troubles in life, including religious conflicts, fanaticism, bigotry, corruption, hatred, enmity, killing, wars etc. It’s the birth of this false ego-sense that causes the bondage of objectivity and conceptualization, which in turn creates havoc in the forest of man’s body. From there it expands to engulf families, communities, nations and then the entire world.

ਕਲਿਜੁਗ ਮਹਿ ਧੜੇ ਪੰਚ ਚੋਰ ਝਗੜਾਏ ॥ ਕਾਮੁ ਕ੍ਰੋਧੁ ਲੋਭੁ ਮੋਹੁ ਅਭਿਮਾਨੁ ਵਧਾਏ ॥ : In Kalijug (i.e. corrupt state of the mind), the five thieves (i.e. all Bikaar) instigate alliances and conflicts. (Because of these five thieves) lust, anger, greed, attachment, and pride increase. (sggs 366).
ਹਉਮੈ ਝਗੜਾ ਪਾਇਓਨੁ ਝਗੜੈ ਜਗੁ ਮੁਇਆ ॥ : Through egotism, the world is caught in conflict and strife, and it dies (in these quarrels and suffers…). (sggs 790).
ਮੂਰਖ ਗਣਤ ਗਣਾਇ ਝਗੜਾ ਪਾਇਆ ॥ ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਹਥਿ ਨਿਬੇੜੁ ਝਗੜੁ ਚੁਕਾਇਆ ॥ : Fools account for their misdeeds and instigate conflicts. The Satgur (True Wisdom) is capable to put and end to the conflict. (sggs 139).

All organizations – including all organized religions (Mazhab-ਮਜ਼ਹਬ) – are political in nature. Owning to greed and selfishness, just as corrupt politicians do, the self-serving Pjaaree-Vaad (clergy) promotes hooliganism (ਧਾਰਮਿਕ ਗੁੰਡਾ ਗਰਦੀ, ਠੱਗੀ), mislead masses, and so on. The Gurbani asks to discard the Pujaaree system.

ਹਮਰਾ ਝਗਰਾ ਰਹਾ ਨ ਕੋਊ ॥ ਪੰਡਿਤ ਮੁਲਾਂ ਛਾਡੇ ਦੋਊ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥ : (Bhagat Kabeer Ji says) I have no conflict in my mind whatsoever — no struggle within me anymore. (I have achieved this state because) I have discarded all the claims of the clergy (Pujaaree). |1|| Pause || (sggs 1158).

The Gurbani asks us not to waste human life in quarrels. Because such people never understand the essence of Guru or God. As a result, all their religious deeds (Karamkaand) go wasted:

ਕਾਹੇ ਜਨਮੁ ਗਵਾਵਹੁ ਵੈਰਿ ਵਾਦਿ ॥ : Why do you waste your life in hatred, vengeance and conflict? (sggs 1176).
ਕਾਹੇ ਪੂਤ ਝਗਰਤ ਹਉ ਸੰਗਿ ਬਾਪ ॥ ਜਿਨ ਕੇ ਜਣੇ ਬਡੀਰੇ ਤੁਮ ਹਉ ਤਿਨ ਸਿਉ ਝਗਰਤ ਪਾਪ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥ : (O mind!) Why Be in Defiance of the Creator (i.e. Hukam). Denial of the One who Created and Sustained Your Existence is an Impiety (Vice). (sggs 1200).
ਮਾਂ ਪਿਉ ਪਰਹਰਿ ਸੁਣੈ ਵੇਦੁ ਭੇਦੁ ਨ ਜਾਣੈ ਕਥਾ ਕਹਾਣੀ । ਮਾਂ ਪਿਉ ਪਰਹਰਿ ਕਰੈ ਤਪੁ ਵਣਖੰਡਿ ਭੁਲਾ ਫਿਰੈ ਬਿਬਾਣੀ । ਮਾਂ ਪਿਉ ਪਰਹਰਿ ਕਰੈ ਪੂਜੁ ਦੇਵੀ ਦੇਵ ਨ ਸੇਵ ਕਮਾਣੀ । ਮਾਂ ਪਿਉ ਪਰਹਰਿ ਨ੍ਹਾਵਣਾ ਅਠਸਠਿ ਤੀਰਥ ਘੁੰਮਣ ਵਾਣੀ । ਮਾਂ ਪਿਉ ਪਰਹਰਿ ਕਰੈ ਦਾਨ ਬੇਈਮਾਨ ਅਗਿਆਨ ਪਰਾਣੀ । ਮਾਂ ਪਿਉ ਪਰਹਰਿ ਵਰਤ ਕਰਿ ਮਰਿ ਮਰਿ ਜੰਮੈ ਭਰਮਿ ਭੁਲਾਣੀ । ਗੁਰੁ ਪਰਮੇਸਰੁ ਸਾਰੁ ਨ ਜਾਣੀ ॥੧੩॥ : Renouncing the parents (Jhagraa: quarreling etc.), the listener of Vedas (or any other scripture) cannot understand their mystery. Repudiating the parents, meditation in the forest is similar to the wanderings at deserted places. Poojaa of the gods and goddesses are useless if one has renounced his parents. Renouncing the parents, bath at the sixty-eight pilgrimage locations is nothing but gyrating in a whirlpool. The person who having deserted his parents performs charities, is corrupt and ignorant. He who repudiating the parents undertakes fasts, goes repeated suffering in life (at the level of the mind). That man (in fact) has not understood the essence of Guru and God. (Bhai Gurdas, Vaar 37, Pauri 13).

Clearly, conflict is inevitable until the psychological construction ‘I’ (false ego-sense or Haumai) does not dissolve through internalization of the enlightening spiritual Message of the Guru Shabad.

ਸਾਚਿ ਸੂਚਾ ਸਦਾ ਨਾਨਕ ਗੁਰ ਸਬਦਿ ਝਗਰੁ ਨਿਬੇਰਓ ॥੪॥੨॥ : Nanak, one who realizes the Creator is always truthful; he resolves his conflicts through the Guru’s Shabad. ||4||2|| (sggs 844).
ਬਾਬਾਣੀਆ ਕਹਾਣੀਆ ਪੁਤ ਸਪੁਤ ਕਰੇਨਿ ॥ ਜਿ ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਭਾਵੈ ਸੁ ਮੰਨਿ ਲੈਨਿ ਸੇਈ ਕਰਮ ਕਰੇਨਿ ॥ : Messages and tales of the righteous elders sculpture the Vice filled Mind (ਪੁਤ-Putt) into a Virtue filled mind (ਸਪੁਤ-SaPutt). They accept the True Wisdom (Satgur-ਸੱਚਾ ਗਿਆਨ) and only do that which is Virtuous. (sggs 951).
ਹਉ ਹਉ ਕਰਿ ਮਰਣਾ ਕਿਆ ਪਾਵੈ ॥ ਪੂਰਾ ਗੁਰੁ ਭੇਟੇ ਸੋ ਝਗਰੁ ਚੁਕਾਵੈ ॥੬॥ : My spirituality was dead on account of my ego. The complete Enlightenment of the Guru’s Shabad (Upadesh, Wisdom…) Has Eliminated my conflicts. ॥6॥ (sggs ).
ਬਾਪੁ ਦਿਸੈ ਵੇਜਾਤਿ ਨ ਹੋਇ ॥ : Realizing the Creator Father within, my spirituality is no longer without a Protector. (‘Veyjat’ = an orphan child). (sggs 796).
ਸਿਧ ਸਮਾਧਿ ਕਰਹਿ ਨਿਤ ਝਗਰਾ ਦੁਹੁ ਲੋਚਨ ਕਿਆ ਹੇਰੈ ॥ ਅੰਤਰਿ ਜੋਤਿ ਸਬਦੁ ਧੁਨਿ ਜਾਗੈ ਸਤਿਗੁਰੁ ਝਗਰੁ ਨਿਬੇਰੈ ॥੩॥ : Siddhas in a trance are continually in conflict (due to their Pakhand, falsehood, inability to control the mind etc), but in reality they cannot see God with their two eyes. Longing and love of the Guru‘s Shabad (ਸਬਦ ਦੀ ਮਿੱਠੀ ਲਗਨ) awakens the Inner Jot (within a Sikh’s mind) and ends the conflict. ||3|| (sggs 489).

Thus, in a nutshell, the Gurbani (SGGS) asks us to become Enlightened (Gurmukh Mindset). Sans of it one cannot escape the inferno of the false ego-sense (Haumai).

ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਹਉਮੈ ਅਗਨਿ ਨਿਵਾਰੀ ॥ : Internalization of the spiritual Message of the Shabad (the Gurmukh-Hood State of Mind) eliminates Haumai (the root of vices or Bikaar). (sggs 943).
ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਝਗੜੁ ਚੁਕਾਇਓਨੁ ਇਕੋ ਰਵਿ ਰਹਿਆ ॥ ਸਭੁ ਆਤਮ ਰਾਮੁ ਪਛਾਣਿਆ ਭਉਜਲੁ ਤਰਿ ਗਇਆ ॥ : Gurmukhs are free of conflict and strife, they see One Raam, in them and hence pervading everywhere. Recognizing the pervading Raam in Souls one crosses over the world-ocean (Bhaujal).
ਪਾਰਬ੍ਰਹਮ ਕੇ ਭਗਤ ਨਿਰਵੈਰ ॥ : The Bhagat of God are beyond vengeance. (sggs 1145).
ਗੁਰ ਪੂਰੇ ਮਿਲਿ ਝਗਰੁ ਚੁਕਾਇਆ ॥ ਪੰਚ ਦੂਤ ਸਭਿ ਵਸਗਤਿ ਆਇਆ ॥੩॥ : The Enlightenment of My Guru’s Shabad ends my conflicts (defiance of the Creator / Hukam etc.); my all five Bikaar Vices (‘Doot‘) come under my control. ॥3॥ (sggs 395).
ਜਹ ਜਹ ਦੇਖਉ ਤਹ ਤਹ ਸਾਚਾ ॥ ਬਿਨੁ ਬੂਝੇ ਝਗਰਤ ਜਗੁ ਕਾਚਾ ॥੪॥ : Where I look, I behold the Creator (i.e. I have Realized the Omnipresent Creator Within). Sans this Realization, my spiritual world was one of conflict (i.e. defiance / denial of the Creator etc.). ॥4॥ (sggs 224).
ਨਾਮੇ ਕੇ ਸੁਆਮੀ ਲਾਹਿ ਲੇ ਝਗਰਾ ॥ ਰਾਮ ਰਸਾਇਨ ਪੀਓ ਰੇ ਦਗਰਾ ॥੩॥੪॥ : My mind has Realized the Omnipresent Creator; its defiance / denial has been removed. (O person of impure mind) go ahead Realize divine Naam (Wisdom / Virtues). ||3||4|| (sggs 485-486).
ਝਗਰਾ ਏਕੁ ਨਿਬੇਰਹੁ ਰਾਮ ॥ ਜਉ ਤੁਮ ਅਪਨੇ ਜਨ ਸੌ ਕਾਮੁ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥ : O Raam! Please resolve this (one conflict in my mind). If you have anything to do with this ‘Jan’ (Dass, Bhagat…) of yours (i.e. so that I may live the right Way). ||1||Pause|| (sggs 331).

According to the Gurmat Wisdom of SGGS, then what is the spirituous ‘medicine’ to end mind’s conflicts? The Gurbani guides mind be conquered or annihilated by applying the Wisdom or Message of the Gur-Shabad:

ਪੰਚ ਦੂਤ ਤੁਧੁ ਵਸਿ ਕੀਤੇ ਕਾਲੁ ਕੰਟਕੁ ਮਾਰਿਆ ॥ : (O my mind, with the counsel of the Guru Shabad) overpower – subdue, control – the ‘FIVE’ (Kaam, Krodh, Lobh , Moh, Ahankaar) Doot (of Jum) then you will avoid spiritual death. (sggs 917).
ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਆਪਣਾ ਮਨੁ ਮਾਰਿਆ ਸਬਦਿ ਕਸਵਟੀ ਲਾਇ ॥ ਮਨ ਹੀ ਨਾਲਿ ਝਗੜਾ ਮਨ ਹੀ ਨਾਲਿ ਸਥ ਮਨ ਹੀ ਮੰਝਿ ਸਮਾਇ ॥ : The Gurmukh (enlightened/Guru Shabad-Oriented being) kills his mind utilizing the yardstick of the Guru Shabad. He battles with his mind, he settles with his mind, it is within the mind he remains absorbed. (sggs 87).
ਝਗੜੁ ਚੁਕਾਵੈ ਹਰਿ ਗੁਣ ਗਾਵੈ ॥ : That person’s conflict end who lives daily life of divine Virtues. (sggs 1344).
ਸਭਿ ਧਿਆਵਹੁ ਨਰ ਨਾਰਾਇਣੋ ਨਾਰਾਇਣੋ ਜਿਤੁ ਚੂਕਾ ਜਮ ਝਗੜੁ ਝਗੋਲੁ ॥੧੨॥ : Contemplate on the Creator, by doing so your conflict with ‘Jum‘ (i.e. Bikaar) would end. ||12|| (sggs 1317).

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